在高考英语语法体系中，使役动词占据着举足轻重的地位。它们不仅是“让某人做某事”这一核心表达的承载者，更是完形填空、语法填空和写作中的高频考点。从基础的“make sb do”到复杂的“persuade sb into doing”，掌握这30个使役动词的用法差异，等于掌握了高考英语中人际关系、教育理念、社会互动等话题的表达钥匙。
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一、三大基础使役动词：make/have/let的“强制度”阶梯
make：最强制的“使/让”
- 结构：make sb do sth（不带to的不定式）
- 含义：强迫、致使，带有强制性
- 高考考点：被动语态中要还原to → be made to do
- 真题示例：The boss made them ______ (work) overtime. （答案：work）
have：中性的“让/叫”
- 结构：have sb do sth（美式）/ have sb doing sth（英式）
- 含义：安排、要求，较make温和
- 特殊用法：have sth done（让某事被做）
- 易错点：不是“拥有”，而是“使役”
let：最温和的“让/允许”
- 结构：let sb do sth（不带to）
- 含义：允许、许可
- 被动语态：let很少用于被动，多用be allowed to替代
- 口语高频：Let me try.（让我试试）
高考三大陷阱：
- 被动语态中to的丢失与补回（be made to do）
- have doing与have do的地域差异（高考偏好美式have do）
- let的被动规避（不说be let to do，说be allowed to do）
二、允许与禁止：allow/permit/forbid的“权限”等级
allow与permit的正式度差异：
- allow：较口语化，个人允许
- allow sb to do sth / allow doing sth
- permit：较正式，官方许可
- permit sb to do sth / permit doing sth
- 固定搭配：Weather permitting（如果天气允许）
forbid的绝对禁止：
- forbid sb to do sth（禁止某人做某事）
- forbid doing sth（禁止做某事）
- 反义词：allow/permit
- 语气强烈，多用于规则、法律语境
高考命题点：
完形填空中，根据语境正式程度选择allow或permit；根据禁止强度选择forbid或禁止性稍弱的discourage。
三、命令与要求：order/require/ask/tell的“权威”梯度
order：正式命令
- order sb to do sth（命令某人做某事）
- 名词order：follow orders（服从命令）
- 军事、职场等权威场景使用
require：客观要求
- require sb to do sth（要求某人做某事）
- require doing（需要被做，主动表被动）= require to be done
- 高考高频：meet the requirements（满足要求）
ask与tell的日常分野：
- ask：请求，礼貌要求 ask sb to do
- tell：告诉，带有指示性 tell sb to do
- 语气比较：ask < tell < order
- 语法注意：两者都接带to不定式
四、教导与引导：teach/train/guide/lead的“教育”光谱
teach的核心结构：
- teach sb sth / teach sth to sb（教某人某事）
- teach sb to do sth（教某人做某事）
- teach + that从句（教导说...）
- 派生词：teacher（教师），teaching（教学）
train的专业训练：
- train sb to do sth（训练某人做某事）
- train for（为...训练）
- 与teach区别：train更侧重技能训练，teach侧重知识传授
guide/lead/ direct的“引导”三层次：
- guide：导游式引导，提供详细指引
- lead：领导式带领，在前方引领
- direct：方向性指导，指出正确方向
- 搭配差异：guide through（引导通过），lead to（导致），direct to（指向）
五、影响与说服：influence/persuade/convince的“心理”攻势
influence的潜移默化：
- influence sb to do（影响某人做）
- have influence on（对...有影响）
- 强调间接、长期影响
persuade的成功说服：
- persuade sb to do sth（说服某人做某事）
- persuade sb into doing（说服某人做某事，更强调过程）
- 重要考点：persuade强调说服成功，若只说尝试说服用try to persuade
convince的深信不疑：
- convince sb to do（说服某人做，美式用法）
- convince sb of sth（使某人相信某事）
- convince that从句（使相信...）
- 与persuade区别：convince侧重使相信，persuade侧重使行动
六、激励与提醒：encourage/inspire/motivate的“动力”源泉
encourage的鼓励支持：
- encourage sb to do（鼓励某人做）
- 名词encouragement（鼓励）
- 强调给予勇气和支持
inspire的灵感激发：
- inspire sb to do（激励某人做）
- inspire sb with sth（用...激励）
- 程度比encourage更深，常与“灵感、创造力”相关
motivate的动力驱动：
- motivate sb to do（激发某人做）
- 名词motivation（动机）
- 强调内在动力和目的性
- 教育语境常用：motivate students
remind的双重结构：
- remind sb to do sth（提醒某人做某事）
- remind sb of sth（使某人想起某事）
- 高考陷阱：两种结构意义不同，根据语境选择
七、告知与承诺：inform/notify/warn/advise/promise的“信息”传递
inform与notify的正式通知：
- inform sb of sth（通知某人某事）
- notify sb to do（通知某人做某事）
- 区别：inform较通用，notify较正式，多用于官方通知
warn的严重警告：
- warn sb to do（警告某人做）
- warn sb against doing（警告某人不要做）
- warn of/about（警告关于...）
- 语气严肃，常与危险相关
advise的慎重建议：
- advise sb to do（建议某人做）
- advise doing（建议做）
- advise that从句（建议...，从句用虚拟should+动词原形）
- 与suggest区别：advise侧重劝告，suggest侧重提议
promise的郑重承诺：
- promise to do（承诺做某事）
- promise sb to do（向某人承诺做某事）
- promise that从句（承诺...）
- 高考考点：promise表示主动承诺，不用于被动要求
八、高考题型突破：使役动词的五大必考点
语法填空核心考点：
- 不定式带to与否
- 接不带to：make/let/have/help(可省to)
- 必须带to：allow/require/ask/tell等大多数
- 被动语态中to的补回
- be made to do（必考点！）
- be allowed to do
- 动词-ing形式的使用
- forbid doing
- advise doing
- 与to do意义不同的：stop/remember等
完形填空语境判断：
- 根据语气强弱选择
- 强制：make/force/order
- 温和：allow/let/encourage
- 根据关系选择
- 师生：teach/guide
- 上下级：order/require
- 朋友间：persuade/remind
- 根据结果选择
- 成功说服：persuade/convince
- 尝试说服：try to persuade
短文改错高频错误：
- make sb to do（误加to）
- allow sb do（漏掉to）
- suggest sb to do（suggest后不能接sb to do）
- be made do（被动漏掉to）
写作提分句型：
- 基础：Teachers should encourage students to think creatively.
- 进阶：What inspired me most was how the coach motivated us to push our limits.
- 高级：The experience not only made me realize my potential but also convinced me that perseverance is key to success.
读后续写中的使役动词运用：
用使役动词展现人物关系变化：
- 初始：His words made me feel nervous.
- 发展：She encouraged me to try again.
- 转折：Failure motivated me to work harder.
- 高潮：Finally, I persuaded myself to face the challenge.
- 结局：This convinced me that growth comes from stepping out of comfort zones.
九、易混词对终极辨析
force vs make：
- force：暴力强迫，负面色彩浓
- make：一般性迫使，中性偏负面
- 例句比较：The robber forced him to open the safe.（暴力强迫）/ Rain made us cancel the picnic.（客观致使）
persuade vs convince：
- persuade：说服行动，接to do
- convince：使信服，接of或that
- 说服成功用persuade，使相信用convince
remind vs remember：
- remind：使某人想起，接宾语
- remember：自己记得，不接宾语
- 结构：remind sb to do / remember to do
advise vs suggest：
- advise：劝告，接sb to do
- suggest：建议，接doing或that从句（虚拟）
- 不能说suggest sb to do
十、30天系统攻克计划
第一周：基础结构（每天6词）
重点掌握每个词的固定结构：
- 接不带to：make, let, have, help
- 接带to：其余大多数
- 接doing：某些特殊词（forbid, advise等）
第二周：对比辨析（每天3组）
周一：make/have/let
周二：allow/permit/forbid
周三：order/require/ask/tell
周四：persuade/convince/advise
周五：encourage/inspire/motivate
第三周：真题实战
- 收集近五年高考真题中的使役动词题
- 分析错误选项的干扰方式
- 总结自己的易错点
第四周：写作融合
- 用使役动词升级5个简单句
- 写一篇包含所有使役动词的完整作文
- 自创“使役动词”写作模板
十一、考场上的黄金法则
遇到使役动词题三步骤：
- 判断类型：是强制类、允许类、教导类还是劝说类？
- 回忆结构：这个动词后接什么形式？to do, do, 还是doing？
- 检查语态：如果是被动，是否需要补to？
写作自检清单：
□ 是否过度使用make/let？可用allow/encourage替换
□ persuade是否被误用于“尝试说服”？应加try to
□ advise后是否误接了sb to do？（正确，但suggest不能）
□ 被动语态中be made后是否补了to？
□ 是否使用了inspire, motivate等高级词汇？
最后五分钟检查重点：
- 使役动词后的不定式符号to是否多余或缺失
- 被动语态中to的补回情况
- 近义使役动词的语境 appropriateness
【高考满分作文演练】导师：点亮未来的引路人
A true teacher doesn't just teach facts; they make students think, inspire them to dream, and guide them toward their potential.
Mr. Zhang, my physics teacher, never allowed us to accept formulas blindly. Instead, he encouraged us to question. "What makes objects fall?" he'd ask, then lead us through experiments. He'd have us work in groups, training us to collaborate. His methods motivated even the most reluctant students to participate.
He knew when to help and when to let us struggle. He wouldn't permit giving up easily. "I require you to try three different approaches before asking for help," he'd say. This taught us perseverance. When I failed an experiment, he didn't scold but advised, "Failure forces us to learn. Let it remind you to check each step."
His belief in us was unwavering. He once told me, "I expect great things from you." Those words convinced me I could aim higher. He persuaded the school to allow a robotics club, then directed our project. Under his influence, I discovered a passion for engineering.
He also warned against neglecting ethics. "Technology must serve humanity," he'd remind us. He informed us about great scientists' responsibilities, inspiring us to consider our future impact.
Most importantly, he promised to support our journeys beyond his classroom. On graduation day, he encouraged us: "Now I must let you go, but I hope you'll continue exploring."
Mr. Zhang didn't just teach physics; he helped shape thinkers. He made me believe that education isn't about filling a bucket but lighting a fire—a fire he inspired, nurtured, and trusted us to carry forward.
高考模拟训练
语法填空：
- The new policy ______ (allow) students to choose elective courses freely.
- Parents should ______ (encourage) their children ______ (develop) independent thinking skills.
- He was made ______ (work) on the project throughout the holiday.
完形填空：
My coach never ______ us to give up. Even when we lost, he would ______ us to analyze our mistakes and ______ us that improvement was possible.
- A. allowed B. let C. permitted D. made
- A. have B. make C. force D. get
- A. convince B. persuade C. advise D. suggest
短文改错：
My teacher suggested me to join the debate team. She said it would make me to think quickly and persuade others accepting my views.
参考答案与解析：
语法填空：
- allows（政策允许，一般现在时）
- encourage, to develop（encourage sb to do固定搭配）
- to work（be made to do被动补to）
完形填空：
- A（从不允许我们放弃，根据句意选allowed）
- A（have us analyze让我们分析，最符合教练身份）
- A（convince us that使我们相信，persuade后常接to do）
短文改错：
- suggested me to join → suggested that I join（suggest不接sb to do）
- make me to think → make me think（make sb do不带to）
- persuade others accepting → persuade others to accept（persuade sb to do）
使役动词是英语中表达人际互动、影响关系的核心工具。掌握它们，不仅是为了应对高考考点，更是为了掌握一门语言中最能体现人类影响力的表达方式。在备考的最后阶段，精炼这些动词的用法，让你的英语表达既有语法精度，又有人文温度。